Date: Mon, 1 Apr 1996 21:28:32 -0500 From: PDoudna@AOL.COM To: conlang@diku.dk Subject: CONLANG: Longman Defining Vocabulary LONGMAN DEFINING VOCABULARY >From Longman Dictionary (1988), pages B16-B22) Spellings have been anglicized. 2197 words, 10 prefixes, 39 suffixes WORD CLASS LABELS If a word has a specific word class label it is used in definitions only in the word class shown. Otherwise the word may be used in any of its usual word classes. A = Adjective Av = Adverb C = Conjunction D = Determiner P = Preposition Pd = Predeterminer Pn = Pronoun N = Noun V = Verb DEFINING VOCABULARY a ability about above AvP abroad absence absent A accept acceptable accident accordance according according to account ache acid across act action N active A activity actor actress actual add addition address adjective admiration admire admit admittance adult advance NV advantage adventure N adverb advertise advertisement advice advise affair afford afraid after AvCP afternoon afterwards again against age N ago agree agreement ahead aim air N aircraft airforce airport alcohol alike alive all AvDPdPn allow almost alone along aloud alphabet already also although altogether Av always among amount N amuse amusement amusing A an ancient A and anger N angle N angry animal ankle annoy annoyance another answer ant anxiety anxious any anyhow anyone anything anywhere apart apparatus appear appearance apple appoint approval approve arch N area argue argument arm armor N arms army around arrange arrangement arrival arrive art article artificial as ash ashamed aside Av ask asleep association at atom attack attempt attend attendance attention attract attractive aunt autumn average AN avoid awake A away Av awkward baby back AAvN background backward Av backwards Av bacteria bad A bag N bake balance ball N banana band N bank N bar NV bare A barrel base NV basket bath N bathe V battle N be beak beam N bean bear beard N beat NV beautiful beauty because become bed N bee beer before beg begin beginning behave behavior behind AvP belief believe bell belong below AvP belt N bend beneath berry beside besides best AAvN better AAv between beyond AvP bicycle N big A bill N bind V bird birth birthday bit bite bitter A black AN blade blame bleed bless blind block blood N blow blue board N boat N body boil V bomb bone N book N boot N border born borrow both bottle N bottom N bowels bowl box boy brain N branch brass brave A bread breadth break V breakfast N breast N breath breathe breed brick N bridge N bright A bring broad A broadcast brother brown AN brush bucket N build V building bullet bunch N burial burn burst bury bus N bush N business busy but C butter N button N buy V by cage N cake N calculate calculator call calm A camera camp NV can NV candle cap N capital N captain N car card N cardboard care careful careless carriage carry cart N case N castle N cat catch V cattle cause cell cement N cent center N centimeter central century ceremony certain AD chain chair N chairperson chalk N chance N change character charge charm chase V cheap cheat check [cheque] cheek N cheer cheerful cheese chemical chemistry chest chicken N chief child childhood children chimney chin chocolate choice N choose church N cigarette cinema circle N circular A citizen city civilization claim class N clay clean AV clear AV clerk clever cliff climb V clock N clockwork close AAvV cloth clothes clothing cloud N club N coal coast N coat N coffee coin N cold collar N collect V college color comb combination combine V come comfort comfortable command committee common A companion company compare V comparison compete competition competitor complain complaint complete compound N computer concern V concerning concert condition N confidence confident confuse connect conscience conscious consider consist consonant N contain contents N continue continuous contract N control convenient conversation cook cool A copper copy cord N corn corner N correct A cost cotton cough could council count V country N courage course N court N cover cow N coward cowardly crack NV crash NV cream N creature creep V cricket crime criminal crop N cross NV crowd N cruel cruelty crush V cry cultivate cup N cupboard cure curl current curse curtain curve custom N customer cut cycle V daily AAv damage dance danger dangerous dare V daring dark date N daughter day dead A deal dear A death debt decay deceit deceive decide decimal decision declaration declare decorate decoration decrease deep A deer defeat defend defense degree delay delicate delight deliver demand department depend dependent depth descend describe description descriptive desert N deserve desirable desire desk destroy destruction detail N determination determined develop devil N diamond dictionary die V difference different difficult difficulty dig V dinner dip V direct direction dirt dirty A disappoint discourage discouragement discover discovery dish N dismiss distance N distant ditch N divide V division do V doctor N dog N dollar door doorway dot N double AAvPdV doubt down AAvP drag V draw V drawer dream dress NV drink drive V drop drown drug N drum N drunk dry duck N dull A during dust N duty each eager ear early earn earth N east eastern easy eat edge N educate education effect N effective effort egg N eight eighth either elastic elbow N elect V election electric electricity elephant else employ V employer employment empty AV enclose enclosure encourage encouragement end enemy engine engineer N English enjoy enjoyment enough enter entertain entertainment entrance N envelope equal ANV equality escape especially establish establishment even AAv evening event ever every everyone everything everywhere evil exact A examination examine example excellent except CP exchange excite excited exciting excuse exercise exist existence expect expensive experience explain explanation explode explosion explosive express V expression extreme eye eyelid face fact factory fail V failure faint AV fair A fairy faith faithful A fall false A fame familiar A family famous fancy A far farm farmer farmyard fashion N fashionable fast AAv fasten fat fate father N fault favor N favorable favorite A fear feather N feed V feel V feeling feelings fellow N female fence N fever few field N fierce fifth fight figure N fill V film find V fine A finger N finish fire fireplace firm AN first AvD fish fisherman fit AV five fix V flag N flame flash NV flat flesh flight float V flood floor N flour flow flower N fly NV fold follow fond food fool N foolish foot N football footpath footstep for P forbid force forehead foreign foreigner forest forget forgive fork N form formal former formerly fort fortunate fortune forward Av forwards Av four fourth fox N frame N free freedom freeze V frequent A fresh friend friendly frighten frightening from front AN fruit N fulfill full A fun funeral funny fur N furnish furniture further AAv future gain V game N garage N garden garment gas N gasoline [petrol] gate N gather V general generous gentle gentleman get gift girl give V glad glass AN glory N glue go V goat god God gold golden good good-bye goods govern government grace graceful gradual grain gram grammar grand A grandfather grandmother grass N grateful grave N gray AN great green greet greeting grief grieve ground N group N grow growth guard guess guest guidance guide guilt gun N habit habitual hair hairy half hall hammer N hand handkerchief handle hang V happen V happy hard harden hardly hardship harm harmful harmless hasty hat hate V hatred have he head AN health healthy hear heart heat heaven heavy A heel height help helpful hen her here hers herself hide V high AAv hill him himself hire his historical history hit hold holiday hollow A holy home AvN honest honesty honor N honorable hook N hope hopeful hopeless horizon horn horse N hospital host N hot A hotel hour hourly house N how Av human humor humorous hundred hundredth hunger N hungry hunt V hurry hurt V husband N hut I ice N icy idea if ill A image imaginary imagination imagine importance important improve improvement in AvP include including income increase indoor indoors industrial industry infect infection infectious influence influential inform information ink N inner inquire inquiry insect inside instead instruct instruction instrument insurance insure intend intention interest interesting international A interrupt interruption into introduce introduction invent invention invitation invite inwards iron AN island it Pn its itself jaw N jealous jealousy jelly jewel jewelry job join joint joke journey N joy judge judgment juice jump just justice keen keep V key N kick kill V kilo kilogram kilometer kind king kingdom kiss kitchen knee N kneel knife N knock knot know V knowledge labor N lack ladder N lady lake lamb lamp land language large last AvDV late lately laugh laughter law lawyer lay V lazy lead N lead V leaf N lean V learn least leather leave V left leg N legal lend length less AvDPn lesson let V letter level AAvN library lid lie life lift light lightning like PV likely limb limit line N lion lip liquid list N listen V liter literature little live V load loaf N local A lock lodging lodgings log N lonely long AAv look loose A lord N lose loss lot loud love low A lower V loyal loyalty luck N lump N lung machine N machinery mad magazine magic magician mail main A make V male man N manage manager manner many map N march mark market N marriage marry mass N master N mat match material matter may V me meal mean V meaning N means measure meat medical A medicine meet V meeting melt member memory mend V mention V merry message messenger metal N meter method metric microscope middle AN might V mile military A milk million millionth mind mine NPn mineral minister N minute N mirror N miss V mist N mistake mix V mixture model N modern A moment money monkey N month monthly AAv moon N moral A morals more morning most mother N motor AN mountain mouse mouth N move V much mud multiply murder muscle N music musician must V my myself mysterious mystery nail name narrow A nasty nation national A nature naval navy near AAvP nearly neat necessary neck need needle N neighbor neighborhood neither nerve N nervous nest N net N network N never new news newspaper next AAv nice night nine ninth no AvD no one noble A nobleman noise N none Pn nonsense nor north northern nose N not nothing notice noun now nowhere number N nurse nut nylon o'clock obedience obedient obey object N obtain occasion N ocean odd of off AvP offend offense offensive A offer office officer official often oil old old-fashioned on AvP once Av one oneself onion only open AV operate operation opinion opponent oppose opposite opposition or orange order ordinary organ organization origin other otherwise ought our ours ourselves out AAv outdoor outdoors outer outside over AvP owe owing to own DPnV oxygen pack V packet page N pain N painful paint painting pair N palace pale A pan N paper N parallel AN parcel N parent N park parliament part N participle particular A partner N party N pass V passage passenger past pastry path patience patient A pattern N pause pay payment peace peaceful pen N pence pencil N people N pepper N per perfect A perform perhaps period N permission permit V person personal persuade pet N photograph photography phrase N physical piano N pick V picture N piece N pig N pile pilot pin pink AN pipe N pity place plain AN plan plane N plant plastic plate N play pleasant please pleased pleasure N plenty Pn plural pocket N poem poet poetry point pointed poison poisonous pole N police N polish polite political politician politics pool N poor popular popularity population port N position N possess possession possibility possible A possibly post pot N potato pound N pour powder N power N powerful practical practice praise pray prayer precious A preparation prepare presence present AN preserve V president press V pressure N pretend pretty A prevent price N prickly pride N priest prince principle print prison prisoner private A prize N probability probable A problem process N procession produce V product production profession profit N promise pronounce pronunciation proof N proper property protect protection protective proud prove provide provision provisions public pull pump punish punishment pupil pure purple purpose N push put quality quantity quarrel quarter N queen N question quick A quiet AN quite rabbit N race radio N railway rain raise V range N rank N rapid A rare rat N rate N rather raw A reach read V ready A real really reason reasonable receive recent recently recognition recognize record NV red reduce reduction refusal refuse V regard regular A related relation relative religion religious remain remark N remember remind remove V rent repair repeat V reply report represent representative republic request respect respectful responsible rest restaurant result return NV reward rice rich rid ride right ANAv ring ripe rise V risk river road rob rock N rod roll V roof N room N root N rope N rose rough A round AAvP row NV royal A rub V rubber rude ruin rule ruler run rush sad safe A safety sail sale salt AN same sand N satisfaction satisfactory satisfy save V say V scale N scatter V scene scenery school N science scientific scientist scissors screw sea search season N seat second AvDNPn secrecy secret secretary see V seed N seem seize sell V send sensation sense N senseless sensible sensitive sentence N separate AV serious servant serve service N set NV settle V seven seventh several severe sew sex N sexual shade shadow N shake shall shame N shape share sharp A she sheep sheet shelf shell N shelter shield N shine V ship N shirt shock NV shoe N shoot V shop shopkeeper shore N short A shot N should shoulder N shout show NV shut sick A side AN sideways sight N sign signal signature silence N silent silk silly A silver similar similarity simple since sincere sing single A singular sink V sister sit situation six sixth size N skill skillful skin N skirt N sky N slave N sleep slide V slight A slip V slippery slope slow small smell smile smoke smooth A snake N snow so soap N social A society sock N soft soil N soldier N solemn solid some DPn somehow someone something sometimes somewhere son song soon sore A sorrow N sorry sort N soul sound NV soup sour A south southern space N spacecraft spade speak spear N special A specialist speech speed N spell V spend spin V spirit N spite N splendid split V spoil V spoon N sport N spot N spread V spring square AN stage N stair stamp stand V standard star N start state station N stay steady A steal V steam N steel N steep A stem N step stick sticky stiff A still AAv sting stitch stomach N stone N stop store storm N story straight AAv strange stranger stream N street strength stretch strike V string N stroke N strong structure N struggle student study stupid style N subject N substance subtract succeed success successful such suck V sudden suffer sugar N suggest suit suitable sum N summer N sun N supper supply NV support suppose sure A surface N surprise surround V swallow V swear sweep V sweet swell V swim swing sword sympathetic sympathy system table N tail N take V talk tall taste tax taxi N tea teach team N tear V tear N telephone television tell temper N temperature temple tend tendency tender A tennis tense N tent terrible terror test than thank that CDPn the theater their theirs them themselves then Av there therefore these they thick A thief thin A thing think V third thirst N thirsty this DPn thorough those though thought thousand thousandth thread N threat threaten three throat through AvP throw thumb N thunder thus ticket N tidy AV tie tiger tight A time N timetable N tin tire [tyre] N tire V title N to tobacco today toe N together tomorrow tongue tonight too tool N tooth top AN total AN touch tour tourist towards tower N town toy N track trade N traffic N train translate transparent trap travel treat V treatment tree tremble V tribe trick NV trip N tropical trouble trousers true A trunk trust truth try V tube tune N turn twice twist type N typical ugly uncle under P understand undo uniform N union unit unite universal universe university until up AAvP upper A upright AAv upset V upside down upstairs AAv urge urgent us use useful useless usual valley valuable A value N variety various vary vegetable vehicle verb very Av victory view N village violence violent visit voice N vote vowel voyage N wages waist wait V waiter wake V walk wall N wander want V war N warm AV warmth warn wash waste watch water wave way we weak wealth weapon wear V weather N weave V wedding week weekly AAv weigh weight N welcome well AAvN west western A wet A what whatever wheat wheel N when AvC whenever where whether which whichever while C whip whisper whistle white who whoever whole why wicked wide AAv widespread width wife wild AAv will willing win V wind V wind N window wine N wing N winter N wire N wisdom wise A wish with within P without P witness N woman wonder NV wood wooden wool woolen word N work world worm N worry worse worship worst worth worthy worthy of would wound wrap V wreck wrist write wrong AAvN wrongdoing yard year yearly yellow AN yes yesterday yet you young your yours yourself youth zero PREFIXES dis- im- in- ir- mid- mis- non- re- self- un- SUFFIXES -able -al -an -ance -ar -ate -ation -ed -en -ence -er -ery -ess -ful -ible -ic -ical -ing -ion -ish -ist -ity -ive -ization -ize -less -like -ly -ment -ness -or -ous -ry -ship -th 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