Sona – an auxiliary neutral language

VIII. TABLE OF RADICALS

The following Table of Radicals (ideograms) gives only a limited number of English equivalents, some twelve hundred in all, which should however be sufficient for all purposes of analysis and translation. For instance a polysyllable such as ketoritu ‘how old are you?,’ can be readily split up into its indissoluble elements– ke-to-ri-tu– the value of each being indicated in the Table.

The Table is not in the usual alphabetical order but in that of (a) radicals containing a consonant, (b) radicals containing an aspirate, and (c) Particles. In some cases an English word will be found under two or more radicals; cf. ‘light.’ Each radical will render a separate meaning of that word.

The 36 ‘Indicators’ are marked by an asterisk. n. signifies that a radical is intrinsically substantival; of these there are 250. p. signifies that a radical in isolated form is used as a particle; of these there are 35. v. signifies that a radical is intrinsically verbal; of these there are 90.

G.		K.
GA*	n. physical; organic.	KA*	v. lead; cause; chief.
gan	n. matter; substance.	kan	n. house; build; construct.
aga	n. earth; ground; land.	aka	p. above; high; up; raise.
iga	n. salt; alkalai; soda.	ika	n. point; sharp; prick; p. just.
oga		oka
uga	n. grain; seed.	uka	n. vertical; stand up.
GE	p. and; join; chain; link.	KE*	p. what?; query; ask.
gen.	n. compound; mix; blend.	ken	p. if; doubt; suspect.
age	v. meet; contact.	ake	v. request; pray; propose; offer.
ige	v. cohere; stick; cling.	ike	v. suggest; guess; hint; suppose.
oge		oke
uge	n. cumulus; pile; heap.	uke	v. seek; hunt; quest; search.
GI*	n. collect; gather; group.	KI*	n. start; begin; ready; prepare.
gin	n. texture; weave; net; web.	kin	n. origin; root; cause.
agi	n. compress; dense; thick.	aki	n. speed; quick; hasten.
igi	v. mix; confuse; puzzle.	iki	n. sudden; shock; flash.
ogi		oki
ugi	n. tangle; bush; cluster.	uki	v. develop; train; culture.
GO	n. circle; round; wind; roll.	KO*	n. small; few; less; child.
gon	n. sphere; ball; round.	kon	n. minute; atom; germ; speck.
ago	n. curve; bend; arc.	ako	n. short; brief; clip; shrink.
igo	n. convex; round; cheek.	iko	n. narrow; thin; squeeze.
ogo		oko
ugo	v. fold; bind; wrap; clasp.	uko	n. frail; slender; delicate; fine.
GU	n. mouth; gap; gulf; gulp.	KU	v. lie; supine; bed; lay.
gun	n. angle; corner; fork.	kun	n. base; seat; sit; set.
agu	n. slope; lean; tilt; trend.	aku	n. surface; skim; slip; slide.
igu	n. cone; horn; wedge.	iku	n. flat; level; horizon.
ogu		oku
ugu	n. hook; claw; catch.	uku	n. layer; shave; slice; film.
D.		T.
DA*	v. do; act; p. to (Infin.).	TA*	n. great; augment; p. very.
dan	n. value; money; price.	tan	n. body; bulk; mass; 1,000.
ada	n. work; function; make.	ata	v. spread; stretch; wide.
ida	v. direct; office; minister.	ita	v. fill; charge; thorough.
oda		ota
uda	n. law; justice; code.	uta	v. swell; wave; undulate.
DE	p. through; hole; pierce.	TE	n. hand; project; take.
den	n. tooth; bite; plough; dig.	ten	v. hold; contain.
ade	n. hollow; cave; cup; scoop.	ate	n. tube; cylinder.
ide	n. notch; dent; crack.	ite	n. flap; leaf; blade; tongue.
ode		ote
ude	v. break; rend; burst.	ute	n. pocket; sheath.
DI*	p. of; part; limb.	TI	n. they; them; their.
din	n. party; sect; creed.	tin	n. three; triangular.
adi	n. portion; share; lot.	ati	v. throw, shoot; missile.
idi	v. scatter; sow; spray.	iti	n. plan; object; intend.
odi		oti
udi	v. mangle; wound; tear.	uti	p. beyond; far; distance.
DO	n. two; both; bi-.	TO*	v. pass; year; was, were.
don	v. give; grant; issue.	ton	v. tire; wear; use up.
ado	v. add; affix; sum.	ato	n. old; age; senior.
ido	v. advise; prompt; urge.	ito	n. end; final; expire.
odo		oto
udo	v. pay; reward; atone.	uto	n. excess; flood; p. too.
DU	n. wood; nut; hard.	TU	n. you, your.
dun	n. horn; shell; crust.	tun	n. limit; wall; city.
adu	n. bone; thin; skeleton.	atu	n. eight; octagonal.
idu	n. brittle; snap; rotten.	itu	n. cube; block; dice.
odu		otu
udu	n. thump; thud; drum.	utu	v. swell; tumour; lump.
Z.		S.
ZA	p. back; rear; ago.	SA	v. know; teach; inform.
zan*	n. woman; female.	san	n. health; medicine; sane.
aza	v. delay; slow; late; lazy.	asa	v. prove; certain; ensure.
iza	n. pause; hover; hesitate.	isa	n. skill; talent; craft; art.
oza		osa
uza	v. yield; give up; submit.	usa	v. heed; obey; comply.
ZE	n. evil; sin; ugly.	SE	v. see; seem; visual.
zen	n. ill; sick; disease.	sen	v. feel; touch; sense.
aze	v. acuse; blame.	ase	v. care; watch; keep.
ize	n. clumsy; stupid; blunder.	ise	v. find; perceive; solve.
oze		ose
uze	n. harm; hurt; corrupt.	use	v. hear; sound; listen.
ZI	n. real; fact; positive; be.	SI*	n. self; one; own; identity.
zin	v. live; life; vital.	sin	n. form; shape; type.
azi	n. vigour; active; vivid.	asi	n. like; same; copy.
izi	n. ease; simple; light.	isi	n. mutual; exchange.
ozi		osi
uzi	v. stir; wake; inspire.	usi	v. agree; fit; conform.
ZO	n. fire; burn; light.	SO	p. with; help; combine.
zon	n. poison; infect.	son	n. hundred; per cent.
azo	n. acid; bitter; sarcasm.	aso	n. truth; faith; trust.
izo	n. pain; hurt; ache.	iso	n. equal; even; balance.
ozo		oso
uzo	n. spasm; cramp; writhe.	uso	n. treaty; bargain; pact.
ZU	n. animal; brutal; fierce.	SU	n. water; liquid; flow.
zun	n. seven; heptarchy.	sun	n. fish; clammy.
azu	n. storm; fury; violent.	asu	n. slime; bog; mucus.
izu	n. rough; crude; raw.	isu	n. cold; chill; frigid; keen.
ozu		osu
uzu	n. wild; random; chaos.	usu	n. silver; glint; steel.
M.		N.
MA	n. place; put; local.	NA*	p. not; no; nor; deny.
man	v. stray; wait; remain; rest.	nan	p. although; ignore.
ama	p. instead; proxy; vice-.	ana	p. aganist; hostile; oppose.
ima	v. have; belong; get.	ina	v. cancel; destroy; wipe.
oma		ona
uma	n. mother; nation; home.	una	n. sole; only; isolate.
ME	v. think; mind; idea.	NE*	p. from; leave; absent; rob.
men	n. measure; size; month.	nen	p. except; omit; skip.
ame	v. regard; note; observe.	ane	v. avoid; shun; flee.
ime	n. belief; opinion; convince.	ine	v. sleep; latent; numb.
ome		one
ume	n. reason; rational; logic.	une	n. reserve; shy; retire.
MI	n. I; me; my.	NI*	v. suffer; undergo; able.
min	p. in; middle; interior.	nin	n. product; child; result.
ami	n. mean; modify; normal.	ani	p. under; fall; low; down.
imi	p. among; between; hiatus.	ini	n. quiet; peace; soothe.
omi		oni
umi	n. centre; heart; focus.	uni	v. depend; hang; liable.
MO	n. fruit; bulb; nipple.	NO	v. carry; vehicle.
mon	n. profit; gain; reap.	non	v. invert; reverse.
amo	n. climax; acme; summit.	ano	p. across; span; transfer.
imo	v. suck; pump; digest.	ino	n. new; mend; convert.
omo		ono
umo	n. breast; milk; suckle.	uno	n. cross; check; squint.
MU	n. hair; fur; wool; brown.	NU	v. change; turn; or.
mun	n. soft; pile; cushion.	nun	n. nine.
amu	n. pliant; supple; flex.	anu	v. upset; revolt; disturb.
imu	n. smooth; mild; gentle.	inu	n. other; vary; differ.
omu		onu
umu	n. bear; bore; grumpy.	unu	n. contrast; judge.
B.		P.
BA*	v. strike; military; weapon.	PA	v. eat; nourish; bread.
ban	v. contest; fight; match.	pan*	n. all; complete; fill.
aba	v. punish; penal; avenge.	apa	n. supply; store; (furnish;) equip.
iba	n. stubborn; persist; try.	ipa	p. enough; suffice; comfort.
oba		opa
uba	v. forbid; deny; ban; tabu.	upa	v. cram; stuff; choke; boil.
BE	p. without; strip; poor; (undo).	PE	n. foot; leg; walk; kick.
ben	n. clean; bathe; polish.	pen	n. five; pentagon.
abe	n. clear; pale; fair; flax.	ape	n. reptile with legs; creep.
ibe	v. spend; waste; drain.	ipe	n. reptile; sinuous; crawl.
obe		ope
ube	n. empty; void; vacate.	upe	v. jump; spring; skip; hop.
BI*	p. by; use; tool.	PI	n. bird; fly; aviation.
bin	n. utensil.	pin	n. feather; fringe; flimsy.
abi	n. habit; mode; custom.	api	n. insect with wings.
ibi	n. trade; commerce.	ipi	n. insect; vermin.
obi		opi
ubi	v. serve; tend; attend.	upi	n. buoyant; float; swim.
BO	n. flesh; blood; german.	PO*	p. on, by; cover; dress.
bon	n. plenty; wealth; bounty.	pon	v. weigh; heavy; load.
abo	n. antelope; buck.	apo	p. on; impose; ride; tax.
ibo	n. cattle; buffalo.	ipo	n. overlay; veneer; coat.
obo		opo
ubo	n. sheep; goat.	upo	n. shield; defend; shelter.
BU	n. smell; fume; smoke; kiss.	PU	n. filth; foul; dirt; soil.
bun	n. taste; savour.	pun	n. decay; pus; rot; rust.
abu	v. love; desire; dear.	apu	n. obscene; lewd; desire.
ibu	n. choice; pick; critic.	ipu	n. disgust; loathe; shame.
obu		opu
ubu	n. greed; covet; yearn; lust.	upu	n. swine; pig, pork.
L.		R.
LA	v. say; tongue; voice.	RA*	n. man; male.
lan	n. sound; play; music.	ran	n. king; rule; royal.
ala	v. praise; hail; cheer.	ara	n. master; tame; tyrant.
ila	n. bell; ring; jangle.	ira	n. strength; fort; muscle.
ola		ora
ula	v. sing; recite; howl; choir.	ura	n. force; drive; electric.
LE	v. write; design; letter.	RE	n. straight; line; long.
len	n. document; book; read.	ren	n. cord; tense; thin.
ale	n. sign; mean; flag; crest.	are	n. order; arrange; series.
ile	n. trace; mark; print.	ire	p. again; recur; continue.
ole		ore
ule	n. stain; blot; spot.	ure	n. right; regular; correct.
LI*	p. to; direct; point.	RI*	n. time; while.
lin	n. edge; outline; profile.	rin	n. rhythm; pulse; metre.
ali	n. side; wing; flank.	ari	v. reach; gain; come.
ili	p. near; about; approx.	iri	n. recoil; react; spring.
oli		ori
uli	n. close; proximate; intimate.	uri	n. season; suit; opportune.
LO	v. open; free; undo.	RO	n. colour; dye; paint.
lon	n. loan; let; lend; hire.	ron	n. tone; tune; shade; mood.
alo	v. allow; leave; ticket.	aro	n. beauty; adorn; fair.
ilo	n. loose; hang; relax.	iro	n. light; shine; lamp.
olo		oro
ulo	n. oil; grease; flatter.	uro	n. gold; glory; splendour.
LU	v. play; game; amuse.	RU*	v. go; move; mobile.
lun	n. absurd; trivial; vain.	run	n. machine; apparatus.
alu	v. invite; host; guest.	aru	v. draw; pull; charm.
ilu	n. jest; laugh; merry.	iru	v. vibrate; shake; thrill.
olu		oru
ulu	n. monkey; mischief.	uru	v. swing; sway; wag; flux.
J.		C.
JA	v. rub; scratch; jerk; rough.	CA	n. four; square; rectangle.
jan	v. gnaw; grind; chew; rodent.	can	n. box; cell; case; room.
aja		aca
ija		ica
oja		oca
uja		uca
JE	n. stone; hard; stiff; stern.	CE	v. fix; secure; support.
jen	n. metal; courage; coin.	cen	v. stop; shut; bar; gate.
aje		ace
ije		ice
oje		oce
uje		uce
JI*	n. person; human; private.	CI*	n. which; refer; some.
jin	n. spirit; soul; ghost; fairy.	cin	n. grade; scale; step.
aji		aci
iji		ici
oji		oci
uji		uci
JO	n. God; idol; ideal; sacred.	CO	v. cut; kill; knife.
jon	n. magic; spell; occult.	con	n. crush; dust; powder.
ajo		aco
ijo		ico
ojo		oco
ujo		uco
JU	n. delight; happy; toy; glad.	CU	v. wish; want; hope.
jun	n. young; fresh; junior.	cun	n. whim; caprice.
aju		acu
iju		icu
oju		ocu
uju		ucu
H.		X.
HA*	n. name; call; address; O!	XA	n. merit; good; nice.
han	n. title; honour; noble.	xan	n. thanks; thank; gratis.
aha		axa
iha		ixa
oha		oxa
uha		uxa
HE*	n. any; general; public.	XE	n. feline; cat; sly.
hen	n. common; vulgar; cheap.	xen	n. canine; dog.
ahe		axe
ihe		ixe
ohe		oxe
uhe		uxe
HI	n. class; category.	XI	n. six; hexagonal.
hin	p. after; follow; sequence.	xin	n. gloss; glaze; sheen.
ahi		axi
ihi		ixi
ohi		oxi
uhi		uxi
HO	n. special; define.	XO	v. show; evident; witness.
hon	n. genuine; honest; rely.	xon	n. pomp; ceremony; flaunt.
aho		axo
iho		ixo
oho		oxo
uho		uxo
HU	n. air; breath; wind; weather.	XU	n. sweet; sugar; fragrant.
hun	n. gas; vapour; melt.	xun	n. guile; cunning; diplomacy.
ahu		axu
ihu		ixu
ohu		oxu
uhu		uxu
V.		F.
VA	n. front; face; ahead.	FA	n. chance; luck; risk; perhaps.
van	v. hide; mask; shade; night.	fan	n. fancy; myth; pretend.
ava		afa
iva		ifa
ova		ofa
uva		ufa
VE	n. vegetable; herb green.	FE	n. false; cheat; trap; spurious.
ven	n. cereal; crops; corn.	fen	n. defect; fault; wrong.
ave		afe
ive		ife
ove		ofe
uve		ufe
VI	n. nature; quality; kind.	FI*	v. fail; miss; slip; hardly.
vin	n. essence; cream; wine.	fin	n. feeble; weak; faint.
avi		afi
ivi		ifi
ovi		ofi
uvi		ufi
VO	v. grieve; weep; woe; sorry.	FO	v. fear; alarm; danger.
von	v. pity; spare; mercy.	fon	n. loud; noise; roar.
avo		afo
ivo		ifo
ovo		ofo
uvo		ufo
VU	n. vague; wander; stray.	FU	p. out; exterior; foreign.
vun	v. twist; coil; curl; screw.	fun	n. odd; strange; peculiar.
avu		afu
ivu		ifu
ovu		ofu
uvu		ufu

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