HISTORY OF BROOKLYN. 251

These fortifications were:

1. A redoubt, mounting five guns, and called Fort Putnam, which was erected upon a heavily-wooded hill overlooking the Wallabout, now known as Fort Greene, or Washington Park.1 When cleared of its trees, this was a fine position, commanding the East River and the roads leading into Brooklyn from the country.

2. A line of intrenchment extending northwesterly from Fort Putnam down the hill to a spring, then on the verge of the Wallabout.2

3. A line of intrenchment, extending in a zigzag course southwesterly from Fort Putnam across the old Jamaica turnpike (now Fulton avenue),(3) and along the crest of the high land between and nearly parallel with Nevins and Bond streets to the head of Gowanus Creek (Freeck's mill-pond), at about the junction of present Bond and Warren streets.4

4. Upon the land then belonging to John Johnson, and about midway between Fort Putnam and the Jamaica Turnpike5 (at junction of present DeKalb avenue and Hudson street), and adjoining the line of intrenchment, was another small redoubt..

5. On “Bergen’s Hill,” between Smith and Court street, in ;he vicinity of First Place, was another redoubt, mounting four guns, which was probably the one named Fort Box6 It was subsequently strengthened and occupied by the British; and as late as 1852, but

1 This hill, at the time of the Revolution, belonged to John Cowenhoven, Sen., his son, Item Cowenhoven, and Casper Wooster, and was known, from its heavy timber, as “Cowenhoven's boschje,” or woods.

2 Lossing (Field Book of the Revolution, ii. 806) says that the site of this spring was marked (in 1852) by a pump in a tannery near the intersection of Flashing avenue and Portland street.

3 The large sycamore-tree, just above “The Abbey” on the north side of Fulton, a little above its junction with De Kalb avenue (and which was cut down in the fan of 1859—Ed.), is believed to have marked the point where the line of intrenchment (which was also renewed in the war of 1812-14) crossed the Jamaica road.—Furman MSS., vii. 251. No. 159 Fulton avenue now (1867) marks the site of the tree above mentioned.

4 Loosing says, “across the Flatbush road, near the junction of Flatbush avenue and Powers street, to Freek’s Mill Pond, at the head of Gowanus Creek, near the junction of Second avenue and Carroll street;” but this would have carried the line of intrenchment along the low lands, which was not probable.

5 Loosing says, “a little eastward of Fort Putnam, near the Jamaica road.”

6 Loosing says, “between Smith Street and First avenue, not far from the termination of Hoyt street at Carroll