ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 1319 http://www.s-gabriel.org/1319 ************************************ From: "Friedemann, Sara L" 6 Nov 1998 Greetings from the Academy of Saint Gabriel! You wanted to know if the masculine name would have been used in the 14th century in Great Britain, France, Germany, or Scandinavia. Here is the information we have found. is an English name. We found English examples of , with one 'm', in 1273, and in 1284 and 1316. [1,2]. We have not found the spelling in this name or other related names in period. We suggest that you stay with the documented form , which would be a fine English name in the late 13th century, though not much later than that. There are other related forms of the name that show up in France and Germany. Please write again if you would like us to provide you with these examples. is the modern form of an English surname that would have been "at the white oak" in period. This form is found in 1302-03. [3] would be a fine late 13th century or early 14th century English name. We hope that this letter has been useful to you, and that you will not hesitate to write again if any part was unclear or if you have further questions. Research and commentary on this letter was provided by Talan Gwynek, Arval Benicoeur, Margaret Makafee, AElfwyn aet Gyrwum, and Juliana de Luna. For the Academy, --Aryanhwy merch Catmael November 6, 1998 --------------------------------------- References: [1] Withycombe, E.G., _The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988). [2] Forssner, Thorvald, Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England in Old and Middle English Times (Uppsala: K.W. Appelbergs Boktryckeri, 1916). [3] Kristensson, Gillis, _Studies on Middle English Topographical Terms_ (Lund: C W K Gleerup, 1970). p.93