ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 1338 http://www.s-gabriel.org/1338 ************************************ From: "Brian M. Scott" 30 Oct 1998 Greetings from the Academy of S. Gabriel! You asked for information about the name <Colgrin>, which you thought was an Old English (Anglo-Saxon) name from about 450 CE. The earliest examples of <Colgrin> that we have found are in Domesday Book, which was compiled about 1086. The name, which appears more frequently as <Colgrim> or <Colegrim>, is derived from the Old Norse name <Kolgri/mr>. (The slash stands for an acute accent over the preceding letter.) The substitution of <n> for <m> after a vowel is an Anglo-Norman phenomenon that can also be observed in other names in Domesday Book. [1] Because <Colgrin> is an Anglo-Norman spelling, it cannot be any earlier than the 11th century. The other examples that we found are examples of the same Anglo-Norman phenomenon. They are from Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'History of the Kings of Britain', which was composed during the first half of the 12th century. In this work, which is a fascinating mixture of traditional history, legend, and pure invention, Geoffrey makes Colgrin the leader of the invading Saxons after the death of Uther Pendragon. [2] This is probably the source of the idea that <Colgrin> is an Old English name from c.450, since that is the traditional date for the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in England. [3] To sum up, <Colgrin> is an Anglo-Norman variant of <Colgrim>. This, though not an Old English name, is an Old English spelling of <Kolgri/mr>, a name brought to England by the Scandinavians in the 9th and 10th centuries. Unaware of its actual origin, Geoffrey of Monmouth used the name for a fictional 5th century Saxon. However, 12th century records of real people consistently give the name as <Colgrim>, <Colegrim>, <Collegrim>, and similar forms with final <m>. For this reason we think that <Colgrin> may have been purely a written form representing a spoken <Colgrim>. At any rate, apart from Geoffrey's work it doesn't seem to have survived beyond the middle of the 12th century. Indeed, the name <Colgrim> in any form seems to have gone out of use in England during the course of the 13th century. [4] Arval Benicoeur also contributed to this letter. We hope that we've answered your question; if anything remains unclear, or if you have further questions, please don't hesitate to write again. For the Academy, Talan Gwynek ===== References: [1] von Feilitzen, O. The Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book (Uppsala: 1937); s.n. Kolgri/mr; p. 84. [2] Geoffrey of Monmouth. History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. by Sebastian Evans, rev. by Charles W. Dunn (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1958); pp. xvi-xvii; Bk. IX, Ch. 1, 4. [3] Robinson, Orrin W. Old English and Its Closest Relatives (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992); p. 136. Archaeological evidence indicates that although there were some Germanic settlers in England in the late 4th century, the big influx did indeed come in the middle of the 5th century. [4] Fellows Jensen, Gillian. Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire (Copenhagen: 1968); s.n. Kolgrri/mr.