ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 2066 http://www.s-gabriel.org/2066 ************************************ From: "Sara L Friedemann" 25 Apr 2000 Greetings from the Academy of Saint Gabriel! You wanted to know if is a correct medieval Hungarian surname, and if we could suggest sources for Hungarian arms. Here is a brief letter with the information we have found. As far as we can tell, is a modern Polish surname, meaning "parrot." [1,2] The word also means "parrot" in Lithuanian. [3] We found no evidence that was used either in Poland in the Middle Ages, or in Hungarian at all. For information on period Hungarian naming practices, we recommend you read the following article, available in our library: "Hungarian Names 101" http://www.geocities.com/Athens/1336/magyarnames101.html If you have any further questions once you've read this article, please don't hesitate to write us again, and we'll be happy to help. We have yet to find any good sources for medieval Hungarian armory. The best we can do is recommend the following article: "A Note on Hungarian Heraldry" http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/hungary.htm We hope that this brief letter has been useful to you, and that you will not hesitate to write again if any part was unclear or if you have further questions. Research and commentary on this letter was provided by Talan Gwynek and Walraven van Nijmegen. For the Academy, ~Aryanhwy merch Catmael, 25Apr00 --------------------------------------- References: [1] Hoffman, William F., _Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings_, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Polish Genealogical Society of America, 1997). [2] Stanis{l/}awski, J. _Angielsko-Polski i Polsko-Angielski S{l/}ownik_ (New York: David McKay Company) [Known also as "McKay's Pronouncing Dictionary"]. s.v. papuga [3] Bronius Piesarskas & Bronius Svecevi{c^}ius. _Lithuanian Dictionary_, 2nd ed. (London & New York: Routledge, 1998) s.v. papuga