ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 2847 http://www.s-gabriel.org/2847 ************************************ 10 Apr 2004 From: Aryanhwy merch Catmael Greetings from the Academy of S. Gabriel! You wanted to know if an Iberian woman living in the 16th century could have had a name meaning 'Juana the crazy'. Here is a brief letter with the information we have found. is a fine name for your period. It was one of the top five most common feminine names in the 15th and 16th century. [1,3] The pronunciation of the name varied according to dialect; in the 16th century it would be \SHWAH-nah\ in Castilian, especially in the north, while in Andalusian and the Americas, it would be \ZHWAH-nah\, where \ZH\ is the sound of in . [5] The most straightforward byname for a woman meaning 'the crazy' is , which we find in the second half of the 15th century, and in the 16th century. [1] This is pronoucned \lah LOA-kah\ We also found the feminine byname , in 1258. While the woman recorded with this byname was Portuguese and not Spanish, is the Spanish form of the word. In the 13th century, it meant 'crazy', but by the 16th century, the meaning was more 'foolish, nonsensical'. [2] This was pronounced \SAHN-dee-ah\. [8,9] Another option is the Catalan byname , recorded in in 1093, which is borrowed by the Portuguese as , recorded as in 1258. [2] This is from the French 'mad, foolish, senseless'. We are not sure how late that this word remained in use, and so cannot recommend as the best recreation for the 16th century. If it did remain in use, the feminine form, , would be the correct form to use. would be pronounced either \FOH-l~ah\ or \FOA-l~ah\, where \l~\ is a palatalized , the sound of in the French word 'million'. [10] As you noted, Juana I, queen of Spain in the early 16th century, was known as . Using this byname alone, then, would not be registerable in the SCA. However, if neither nor appeal to you, you might consider using a second byname. In the 15th and 16th centuries, we have examples of people recorded with both a patronymic byname (one indicating the bearer's father's name) and a descriptive. [1,4] The following article contains a large list of patronymic bynames used in the 16th century: "16th Century Spanish Names" http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/ For example, or would be a fine name for your period. (Here, the slash represents an acute accent over the previous letter). We recommend that you don't pick , , or as your father's name; these are all variants of Juana I's father's name. We hope that this letter has been useful to you and that you won't hesitate to write us again if any part was unclear or if you have further questions. Research and commentary on this letter was provided by Jayme Dominguez del Valle, Mari neyn Brian, Talan Gwynek, Elsbeth Anne Roth, Arval Benicoeur, Juliana de Luna, Safya al- Mughanniiyah bint Ziyad al-Misri, and Jillian Saint Andre. -Arianuia de Cairmerdin, 10 April 2004 -- References: [1] Juliana de Luna, "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" (WWW: Academy of Saint Gabriel, 1999-2000). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/ [2] Kremer, Dieter. 'Bemerkungen zu den mittelalterlichen hispanischen cognomina', in _Aufsa"tze zur Portugiesischen Kulturgeschichte_, vols. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17. Sonderdruck aus Portugiesische Forschungen der Go"rresgesellschaft. Herausgegeben von Hans Flasche (Mu"nster: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1970- 1981/82). IV:182-3) [3] Elsbeth Anne Roth, "16th Century Spanish Names" (WWW: Self- published 2002). http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/ [4] Bermu/dez Plata, Don Crist/obal, _Catalogo de Pasajeros a Indias, Siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII_ (Sevilla: Imprenta de la Gavidia, 1946). [5] Penny, Ralph, _A History of the Spanish Language_ (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991). pp. 88-90 [6] In Kirschenbaum ASCII IPA, these are ['Swana] and ['Zwana], respectively. [7] [7] Blaheta, Don, "Representation of IPA with ASCII" (WWW: Blahedo.org) http://www.blahedo.org/ascii-ipa.html [8] In Kirschenbaum ASCII IPA, this is ['sandia]. [7] [9] Vela/zquez de la Cadena, Mariano, Edward Gray, and Juan L. Iribas. A New Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages (New York: Wilcox & Follett Company, 1943). [10] In Kirschenbaum ASCII IPA, these are ['fOl^a] and ['fol^a], respectively. [7]