ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 3368 http://www.s-gabriel.org/3368 ************************************ 8 Feb 2010 From: Gunnvor Silfraharr Greetings from the Academy of Saint Gabriel! You asked for our help in creating a masculine name using the elements and , in that order, as well as . You were interested particularly in the fourteenth century. Here is what we have found. First, we'd like to apologize for the time this letter has taken; we hope the information is still of use to you. Forms of both and were used in a number of places during much of the SCA period. We have narrowed our search to those countries and time periods compatible with or something very similar. With a minor spelling change, the byname is entirely authentic for for early 15th c. France: the French town of Liocourt appears as in 1427, thereby justifying the byname . The is also seen in the earlier citation 1023 and is etymologically correct: the first element of the place-name was originally . It eventually disappeared, but the medieval citations show that the process was gradual and uneven: although present in the 1427 spelling, it is absent from a couple of earlier spellings. [1] Thus, is probably suitable for the 14th century. Since this byname is clearly French, you'll need to use French forms from about this same time for the rest of the name. The standard French spelling of is ; we have examples of this spelling from Paris in 1292 and 1423, from Croissic in southeastern Brittany in 1468, and from a surname recorded at Bordeaux sometime between 1470 and 1520, where we also find the given name recorded as . [2, 3, 4] The usual French spelling of is , though occurs as a southeastern and learned form. [5] However, both as a given name and as a surname it was less common than , and the only example in our French non-literary data is actually spelled : it's a surname recorded at Bordeaux sometime between 1470 and 1520. [3] It is not hard, however, to find references to St. Damian that use the standard French spelling , and we have no doubt that is a suitable spelling of both the given name and the derived patronymic surname in 14th and 15th centuries. [6, 7] While each of the elements of the name can be dated to the 14th century, a structure that includes all three is only likely for the late 15th or 16th century. Double given names did not become common in France until the 16th century. [8, 9] There are a handful of examples of double bynames in written documents [2], but the nature of the documents is such that the form may be closer in spirit to a name and address than to a name. A single given name is definitely more typical of your period. We have also encountered some documentary names, including two bynames, in which it's fairly clear that both bynames were actually used, albeit probably not simultaneously [2]: Guillaume Gyry dit de Bureau ('called ') Jehan Bertram dit Deborg ('called ') Jehan Robbert alias de Matha ('otherwise [known as] ') Based on this information, or would be reasonable choices for a 14th century name. Slightly later, or would be reasonable choices for the written form of the name of a 16th century man. For either, you might also use the spelling or . We hope this letter has been useful. Please write us again if any part of it has been unclear or if you have other questions. We were assisted in researching and writing this letter by Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Bronwyn ferch Gwyn ap Rhys, Coblaith Mhuimhneach, Eleyne de Comnocke, Juliana de Luna, Mari neyn Brian, Maridonna Benvenuti, Rian mag Uidir, Talan Gwynek, and Ursula Georges. For the Academy, Calybrid Ine Tere and Gunnvor silfraharr 08 February 2010 REFERENCES [1] Morlet, Marie-The/re\se. Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoirede l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Sie\cle. Three vols. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1968, 1972, 1985. III:397b. (The slashes indicate an acute accent on the preceeding letter, while backslashes indicate a grave accent on the preceeding letter.) [2] Friedemann, Sara L., "Names Found in Commercial Documents from Bordeaux, 1470-1520" (WWW: privately published, 2000). http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/bordeaux.html [3] Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris", Proceedings of the Known World Heraldic Symposium 1996 (SCA: Montgomery, Alabama; WWW: SCA, Inc., 1997). http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html [4] Friedemann, Sara L., "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423 & 1438" (WWW: privately published, 2002-2003). http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html [5] Dauzat, Albert. Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Famille et Prenoms de France. Paris: Libraire Larousse. 1987. s.n. . [6] Cinquante-deux Miracles de Notre-Dame extraits du Rosarius (A compilation of 52 miracles of Notre-Dame probably made around 1330). (WWW: Laboratoire de Franc, ais Ancien of the University of Ottawa, 1999). Miracle Nr. 34, Line 20, mentions saints and . http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/lfa/activites/textes/miracles- notre-dame/Rosarius/rsrsMND.html [7] Suffragia Sanctorum. Horae ad usum Romanum, France c.1490-1500. Copenhagen - The Royal Library - Ms. GkS 1612 4to. (WWW: Center for Ha*ndskriftstudier i Danmark, 2000). (The represents the character a-ring, an surmounted by a small circle.) Line 4 of folio 21r mentions 'Saint Damian'. http://www.chd.dk/gui/gks1612_gui2.html [8] Academy of St. Gabriel Report #2904 http://www.s-gabriel.org/2904 [9] Academy of St. Gabriel Report #3162 http://www.s-gabriel.org/3162