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Greetings from the Academy of S. Gabriel!
You asked about the language and date of <Caith>, which you thought was the original Middle or Old English form of <Keith>.
So far as we can tell, <Keith> is not of English origin at all. It seems to have begun as a Scottish place-name derived from a word for 'wood' in a language closely related to Welsh. [2, 3] From there it became a surname, <de Keth> 'of Keith', which in fairly recent times has come to be used as a given name. [1, 4] (For completeness we should mention that in Caithness the surname <Keith> appears to have a different origin. This origin is probably Gaelic, but beyond that nothing seems to be known about it. [1, 3])
To sum up, <Keith> in any form seems to have been only a Scottish surname in the SCA period. We found no evidence that <Caith> is the original form of <Keith> and no evidence that <Caith> or <Keith> was used as a given name in our period.
Zenobia Naphtali, Elsbeth Anne Roth, and Arval Benicoeur also contributed to this letter. We hope that it has been useful and that you will write again if you have any further questions.
For the Academy,
Talan Gwynek
[1] Black, George F., _The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning and History_ (New York: The New York Public Library, 1989).
[2] Johnston, James B., _Place-Names of Scotland_ (London: John Murray, 1934).
[3] Watson, William J., _The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland_ (London: William Blackwood & Sons Ltd., 1926).
[4] Withycombe, E.G., _The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_ (Oxford: At the University Press, 1984).