ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 1692 http://www.s-gabriel.org/1692 ************************************ ************************************************* * * * NOTE: Later research turned up additional * * information relevant to this report. * * See the end of the letter for details. * * * ************************************************* 30 Jul 1999 From: Jim Trigg Greetings from the Academy of S. Gabriel! You asked about a French translation of the name before 1400, and also asked about a Japanese name of the same era. Here is what we can tell you about this. We have found no evidence of as a French given name. However, we can postulate the existence of in your period, based on an example, probably Latinized, of in England around the same time [1]. The name was used early in the Middle Ages in France as well: It appears Latinized in the early 9th century and the name of Saint Sabine appears in place names from the 10th century to the 14th [2, 2a]. The use of the diminutive some time after the late 12th century England suggests that some form of the name was used in France around the time of the Conquest [1]. was probably a learned form based on the Latin ; the French form of the name was most likely . is a bit too broad a concept to be likely to have been used as a byname in France in the Middle Ages. We can suggest some possible bynames that would explain why a person might be an outcast: ("ungracious" or "disagreeable"), ("bad child"), ("without goods"), ("without mother"), and all were used in the first half of the millenium. [3, 4, 5] The example suggests that the similar "fatherless" or "parentless" would also be appropriate. We can also suggest ("the stranger"). [3, 5] You will need to decide what aspect of being an outcast you wish to emphasize. We do not have any web-accessible references for Japanese names, so the best I can recommend is to see if a herald relatively local to you has a copy of Solveig's pamphlet on Medieval Japanese names. [6] I was assisted in writing and researching this letter by Arval Benicoeur, Juliana de Luna, Margaret Makafee, Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, Rhodri ap Hywel, and Talan Gwynek. If you have further questions about this report, please feel free to ask us. For the Academy, Blaise de Cormeilles 30 July, 1999 ---- References: [1] Nicolaa de Bracton, "A Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England, 1182-1272", Known World Heraldic Symposium Proceedings 1995 (SCA Inc.; WWW: privately published). http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/women.html [2] Morlet, Marie-Therese, _Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle_, three volumes (Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1972), II:101a. [2a] Morlet, III:174a. Modern places appear in medieval records as c.970, 1257) and ( 1071, 1178, 1248, 1339. [3] Dauzat, Albert, _Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Famille et Prenoms de France_ (Paris: Libraire Larousse, 1987), s.nn. Bastard, Mal, Letrange. [4] Reaney, P. H., & R. M. Wilson, _A Dictionary of English Surnames_ (London: Routledge, 1991; Oxford University Press, 1995), s.nn. Maliphant ( 1205), Sansaver ( 1219), Strange ( 1192, 1195, 1199, 1221, 1221) [5] Postles, David A., "Lincolnshire Lay Subsidy" (WWW: Self-published, March 1998). http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/pot/lincers.html shows (Holland Parish, Algarkirk line 18) with six other examples of , (Kesteven Parish, Colsterworth line 3) with two other examples of , and (Kesteven Parish, Creeton line 19). [6] Solveig Throndardottir, _Name Construction in Mediaeval Japan_ (Carlsbad, N. Mex.: The Outlaw Press, 1994; currently out of print). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Correction, Arval, Arp 2005: Re-wrote the paragraph on and notes [2] and [2a] to more accurately reflect our research.