Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
"Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years" is offered as a bibliographic guide to the period 475 BC to AD 525 in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Xinjiang-Uigur, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Siberia (Russia in Asia). But none of what's here was originally written for that purpose. This page explains what you need to know to use it for that purpose anyway, and some of the flaws in it.
I'm writing a history of fantasy. Chapter 2 of that history concerns the period and region that "Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years" covers. While researching chapter 2, I ran into extreme difficulties, described in general terms in the beginning of the "Main Guide". I originally compiled the "Main Guide" so as to organise what I was learning in the face of these difficulties, and from a reasonably early date concluded that I might not be the only person who could use it.
However, my main purpose was, and is, to write a history of fantasy. Thus you will find a persistent skew in attention, in all that "Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years" offers, towards literature, towards narratives, towards fiction, and towards the supernatural. This skew is particularly pronounced in the chapter text and notes, which is why the "Main Guide" is likely to be the most useful part of the whole for most users.
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
The "Main Guide" offers references from a bibliographic essay organised in three main groups. First I discuss a large number of relevant and for that matter irrelevant languages. (The irrelevant languages are usually dismissed with brief references showing them to be irrelevant; the relevant ones get rather more detailed treatment.) Next I offer, at a considerably more elementary level, references to basic works on a number of religious traditions present in the region. Finally, I offer similarly basic references on the history of each country in the region. After the essay, of course, comes the bibliography.
The chapter text is unlikely to be relevant to the average researcher's needs, but is here partly because it does provide some guidance to the total literary survivals from this region and period, and mostly because it is the only way to make sense of the footnotes.
The footnotes can be reached from the chapter text, of course; a few of them are also linked from appropriate places in the "Main Guide", although in general these documents are not very intensively hyperlinked. There are several footnotes of some substance, for which you can also find links below.
An additional document explains my approaches to footnoting and citation, both of which are moderately unconventional.
Finally, a page lists books that came to my attention too late to be used in my own research, but that I thought worth pointing out in case anyone ever looks up this page.
Further down this page, links to each language, religion, and country, and to the more substantial footnotes, can be found. Right here, you will find links to the documents entire. There are two formats for each document: one uses ISO-Latin-1, the current de facto standard on the Web, while the other uses Unicode 3.2, the current de jure standard on the Web. If you have appropriate Unicode fonts on your machine for transliteration of such languages as Arabic and Sanskrit, you're probably better off with the Unicode versions; otherwise, the ISO-Latin-1 ones, although they lack a bunch of diacritics, are going to be more readable. Over time, I hope, Unicode support will become general enough that the ISO-Latin-1 versions will no longer be needed. Meanwhile:
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
Main Guide - Unicode (212K)
Footnotes - Unicode (93K)
Linking Text - Unicode (35K)
Main Guide - ISO-Latin-1 (211K)
Footnotes - ISO-Latin-1 (92K)
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
Note that for any link you follow among these, you will get the whole of the relevant document; these links just point you to whichever place in that document you aim at. Therefore, be prepared to download 212K if you follow a link to the "Main Guide", 93K if you follow a link to the footnotes, and 35K if you follow a link to the chapter text.
The "Main Guide" covers the following relevant languages in detail:
Agnæan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Akkadian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Arabic (including inscriptions of various dialects), Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Aramaic - Eastern, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Aramaic - undifferentiated, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Aramaic - Western, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Avestan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Bactrian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Chinese, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Eastern Aramaic, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Elamite, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Gandhari, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Greek, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Hadramitic, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Hebrew, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Khotanese, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Khwarezmian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kuchean, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Mandaic, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Middle Persian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Minæan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Nabatæan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Old Persian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Pahlevi, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Parthian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Persian - Old, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Persian - Middle, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Prakrits, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Qatabanian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Sabæan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Saka, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Sanskrit, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Sogdian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Sumerian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Syriac, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Tibetan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Tocharian (both A and B), Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Tumshuqese, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Western Aramaic, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
The "Main Guide" also offers detailed coverage of Manichæan writings, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1.
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
The "Main Guide" covers the following irrelevant languages in less detail:
Ardhamagadhi, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Avar, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Azeri, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Baluchi, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Jurchen, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kashmiri, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Khakas, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Khanty, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kirghiz, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Komi, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kurdish, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Lahnda, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Liao, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Mongolian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
New Persian, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Nuristani, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Old Turkish, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Ostyak, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Pali, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Persian - New, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Rajasthani, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Tangut, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Turkish, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Turkmen, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Uighur, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Uzbek, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
The "Main Guide" covers the following religions although not in detail:
Buddhism, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Christianity, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Judaism, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Manichæism, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Zoroastrianism, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Note that Mandaism is not on this list. For what I do offer on Mandaism, see Mandaic, under languages, and see in the chapter text and footnotes: (Unicode) notes 61, 67, 68, and 69; (ISO-Latin-1) notes 61, 67, 68, and 69.
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
The "Main Guide" covers the following countries or regions although not in detail:
Afghanistan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Bactria, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Bahrein, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Central Asia, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Chach, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Eastern Saudi Arabia, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Ferghana, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Iran, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Iraq, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kazakhstan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Khwarizm, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kuwait, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Kyrgyzstan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Mongolia, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Oman, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Qatar, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Russia in Asia, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Saudi Arabia (except the Eastern province), Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Saudi Arabia - Eastern, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Siberia, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Sughd, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Tajikistan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Turkmenistan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
United Arab Emirates, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Ustrushana, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Uzbekistan, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Xinjiang-Uigur, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Yemen, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
The footnotes include the following more or less substantial discussions:
Trade in Asia during the period, notes 17 and 18 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Akkadian literature from after 330 BC, note 22 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Destruction or loss of literature from the period, ancient, mediæval and modern, note 34 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Upsurge in agriculture in the region after AD 1, note 58 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
The Manichæan myth, notes 63 and 64 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Manichæan parables, notes 65 and 66 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Assumptions about date and provenance of anonymous ancient writings, particularly Jewish ones; you really need to see the chapter text (Unicode or ISO-Latin-1) for this one, but also notes 70 through 73, Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Mahayana sutras possibly written in Central Asia, note 77 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Syriac saints' lives written in Iraq before AD 525, note 82 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Arabic poetry surviving from before AD 525, note 88 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Narratives in the Avesta, note 91 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Narratives in Middle Persian, notes 91a and 92 Unicode or ISO-Latin-1
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
These documents were flawed at their inception, and will become more so over time. The flaws I think particularly likely to hurt your research are:
I'm not a brilliantly able researcher. I have no real academic training in historical or literary research, and have learnt by trial and error. Nothing I say is the last word, which is one reason I so often say things in the first person.
I did not work under ideal conditions. There are undoubtedly many books I never learnt of because I never saw them nor references to them.
While I did work diligently on my central concerns, most of what the "Main Guide" covers is outside those central concerns.
This document is not up to date. I wrote the "Main Guide" mostly in the year 2000, up to perhaps November. I made only limited changes to it thereafter. The chapter text and footnotes date to January of 2001 and were not changed, except for occasional formatting concerns, after March 2001.
This document will not be brought up to date. As the chapter text clearly shows, the years I spent, on the work these documents embody, were spent proving a negative. For my purposes, there's nothing more I need to do here. I am only making these documents available because it seemed better to do that, than to let them lie unused during the years it will take me to do the more productive chapters of my book. I am not asking to become the webmaster of the ultimate guide to this region in this period, and in fact, I'd be delighted if my acid comments herein* inspired some group of scholars to indignantly replace these attempts with exactly such an ultimate guide, so that future researchers would not have to suffer as I suffered. But I have neither the qualifications nor the time to participate in the creation of such an ultimate guide; this is only a substitute.
All of that said, I have found books since writing the Main Guide of which I wish I'd known while actually using it myself, and have finally found enough that it seems churlish not to cite them somewhere here. So see below for information about the "Some More Books" page.
For what it's worth, I have undertaken more audacious long-term projects that will to some extent replace the language and region or country parts of the "Main Guide", so if you have an update relevant to those sections, please do write to me.
All of that said, I really hope all of this is some use to you. Good luck!
Introduction - Structure - Complete Documents - Detailed Contents Links - Flaws - Updates
Sigh... Didn't I just say I wouldn't do any?
OK, OK. In reality, I'm not providing updates. But since my projects on languages and regions (mentioned above) are unlikely to progress as quickly as I'd like, this page would be a logical place to put updates. And although I'm NOT repeating my research on this region and period, and therefore not subjecting new references to the kind of attention I devoted to the ones listed in, notably, the "Main Guide", I still do have my eyes open when I visit libraries and bookstores, and therefore still do occasionally become aware of relevant books. For various reasons, in August 2002 I'm becoming aware of a bunch of such books simultaneously, and this has induced me to put a page up listing the ones I've noticed so far.
If my attention span holds up, I'll also call attention to these books in the "Main Guide" text in some way.
But really, don't count on me, OK? To give you some notion of what's happening here, this is the set of events that led to my starting that list in August 2002: I saw a book on the "new books" shelf of my local public library that fills a niche whose emptiness I had decried in the "Main Guide". The book in question happened also to be relevant, albeit peripherally, to my current research on areas west of the region covered by "Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years", so I borrowed it. Its bibliography then informed me of a series of books covering other topics I'd thought neglected. Separately, I did fairly thorough shelf-reading in a library whose separate existence I had not previously understood, and found there yet another book of interest. This meant that I suddenly knew of something like six books relevant to "Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years" and not mentioned there, to add to two which I'd discovered in the preceding year and a half. This is, obviously, not a sign that I'm keeping up with the scholarly literature; it's only a sign that I'm sometimes awake.
So in my opinion the best thing that could happen would still be this page's complete replacement by pages written by Real Scholars. In the meantime, however, feel free to mail me any suggestions you may have for other updates; assuming I find these, amid the torrents of spam in my mailbox, I'll either add them as you send them, or if I'm feeling energetic enough to look at them but not energetic enough to do what I should be doing, I'll look at 'em myself.
Many people helped me over the years I worked on this chapter, and at some point I hope to acknowledge them more fully on this page. At the time of webbing, only the most recent debt sticks in my mind, but it is an important one. Ed Schoenfeld took time from his busy research to review the manuscript, a review which resulted in the modification or removal of a few of the worst of the acid comments. He is not responsible for what remains, but if you're offended by what I say herein, please consider that but for him, you would have been even more offended.
Half of Asia, for a Thousand Years - Start Page
Main Guide - ISO-Latin-1 - Footnotes - ISO-Latin-1 - Linking Text - ISO-Latin-1 - About the Notes - ISO-Latin-1 - Some More Books - ISO-Latin-1
Main Guide - Unicode - Footnotes - Unicode - Linking Text - Unicode - About the Notes - Unicode - Some More Books - Unicode
URL: <http://turing.postilion.org/these-survive/fishtory/chapter2/halfasia.html>.
Copyright Joe Bernstein <joe@sfbooks.com>, 2001-2002. Electronic transfer permitted.
Written August 28, 2001, and webbed between then and August 31, 2001. Please do not expect updates; see above for more information about why not. But last modified August 19, 2002.