Documented in Volume 1 of the UNIX Programmers Manual.
% chmod o-w file -or- % chmod 750 file denies write permission to 'others' (anyone but you and your group) for the file named 'file' in the current directory.
% chmod +x file -or- % chmod 755 file makes 'file' executable to everyone.
% chmod ugo+rw dirname/filename makes dirname/filename readable and writeable by you, your group, and others (i.e. everyone).
% chmod ugo+r . will allow read permission of the current directory.
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