I've read both. As it happens, I had seen them both before, or seen some of the material in them in your other papers. So as it happens, you had got your wish - I had at least looked at the research you've done on manipulation before ... well, "reject it" isn't the right phrase. I'm not disputing your conclusion, I don't believe it's an answer to my argument. I made a specific argument, to which the counterargument raised by both papers does not seem to apply. The situation is not simply the presence of manipulators. It includes a proposer who colludes with the manipulators. Perhaps it will be clearer if I explain it in your own terms. In terms of your analysis, a misbehaving proposer can make the non-colluding traders' variance of asset clue encompass the entire possible range and can make the cost of reducing that variance arbitrarily high. Feel free to plug c(S[i]) = oo into your equations in biashelp. It just implies nobody who becomes an informed trader can expect a profit, so there are zero informed traders, so the optimal actions are indeterminate, after which the math ceases to really say anything. I hope you can easily see the problem now. Tom