{"id":184426,"date":"2012-05-03T20:33:00","date_gmt":"2012-05-04T01:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/2012\/05\/03\/h5n1-gene-studies-finally-published\/"},"modified":"2012-05-03T20:33:00","modified_gmt":"2012-05-04T01:33:00","slug":"h5n1-gene-studies-finally-published","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/2012\/05\/03\/h5n1-gene-studies-finally-published\/","title":{"rendered":"H5N1 Gene Studies Finally Published"},"content":{"rendered":"

The US state security apparatus was trying to suppress these studies, because \u2026\u2026\u2026 zOMG Terrorists!!!!!! \u2026\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/b>, but the research the likelihood of it making a jump to human transmission has been published<\/a> anyway:<\/p>\n

Avian H5N1 influenza viruses in the wild may be one small step away from spreading effectively between mammals. That is the sobering message from a controversial study by Yoshihiro Kawaoka at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, published online by Nature1 after months of debate about how to release the findings publicly.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter wanting to read it for so long, it was like eating again after fasting,\u201d says Vincent Racaniello, a virologist at Columbia University in New York. \u201cAnd it does not disappoint.\u201d<\/p>\n

H5N1, commonly known as bird flu, is highly pathogenic and often lethal in humans, but it cannot spread efficiently between people and cases seem to be rare. To find out if H5N1 could evolve easy transmissibility between humans, Kawaoka and his team mutated its haemagglutinin (HA) gene, which produces the protein that the virus uses to stick itself to host cells. Because flu viruses in the wild can also gain new properties by swapping genes, the researchers combined this gene with seven others from a highly transmissible flu virus, the H1N1 strain that caused a pandemic in 2009.<\/p>\n

Kawaoka found that the hybrid virus could spread between ferrets in separate cages after acquiring just four mutations. Three of these allow the HA protein to stick to receptor molecules on mammalian cells, and the fourth stabilizes the protein. \u201cBefore we initiated this experiment, we knew that receptor specificity is important,\u201d says Kawaoka. \u201cWe didn\u2019t know what else was needed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Worryingly, some Middle Eastern H5N1 strains can already recognize human receptors2. Kawaoka\u2019s work suggests that they could be just one stabilizing mutation away from being able to spread between humans. Discovering \u201cthat HA needs to be stable to be transmissible through the air between mammals\u201d is a key finding, says influenza virologist Wendy Barclay at Imperial College London.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

We knew that H5N1 was only few mutations away from H2H since well before as soon as the security Mafia’s heads started to explode in an orgy of security theater.<\/p>\n

The post 911 security apparatus doing more harm than good.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The US state security apparatus was trying to suppress these studies, because \u2026\u2026\u2026 zOMG Terrorists!!!!!! \u2026\u2026\u2026, but the research the likelihood of it making a jump to human transmission has been published anyway: Avian H5N1 influenza viruses in the wild may be one small step away from spreading effectively between mammals. That is the sobering …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1074,1150,1061],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical","category-public-health","category-security"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184426"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184426\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.panix.com\/~msaroff\/40years\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}