As part of your Corporate Web services and upon request, Panix
provides you with a FTP site within your domain
(ftp://ftp.yourdomain.com). This site will allow anonymous FTP file transfers
within your domain. To apply for a range of uids that will allow you to
give people accounts on your FTP site, fill out this application,
then continue reading this.
Setting up your FTP Site
When
your Corp-Web FTP service is set up, Panix creates a link in your home
directory called corp-ftp. The link is a shortcut to
your FTP directory on the webserver, and you can treat it exactly
like a directory. When created, your FTP site has the following
subdirectories:
- etc/
contains the password file for your site (don't edit this file
by hand!).
- bin/
contains the program 'ls' so your ftp users can list your files.
It is up to you to create any other directories you require in your
site.
See creating directories for your users.
Panix will already have created the anonymous account, for
non-privileged access to your FTP site. This means that anyone in the
world can FTP to your site, log in as 'anonymous' and access certain
directories and files you have set up as world-accessible.
The Commands
FTP site administration involves four commands. In all examples,
<hostname> means the name of your ftp site. This means ftp.yourdomain.com, not
yourdomain.com.
ftp_chown <hostname> (username|userid) [files]
- ftp_chown changes the ownership of several
files on the command line to the username or userid you specify. The
files on the command line are specified relative the <hostname>'s
root directory.
ftp_chmod <hostname> <permissions> [files]
- ftp_chmod changes the permissions on a file
owned by one of the
users in <hostname>'s root directory according to the permissions
you specify in the <permissions> parameter (an octal number with
the same meanings as the octal number used by chmod(1))
ftp_passwd <hostname> [-u <user>]
- ftp_passwd changes a password in the
password file for a host.
By default it will change the password of the person running the
program.
If the -u option is specified, it will change the password of the user
after the -u parameter.
ftp_adduser <hostname>
- ftp_adduser is an interactive program for
adding a user to the
password file for a host.
Deleting Users (AKA uids)
In order to delete users, you will employ our Panix Web Account Management Login
tool. After you login, look for the "Web & FTP" section, and
follow the link "Administer non-anonymous FTP" to delete users.
Other Commands
In order to effectively administer your FTP site, you must be familiar
with a standard UNIX command or two, for creating directories in your
FTP space and moving files into them. For full information on these
commands, read the man page for them. You can do this by typing
man <command> at a UNIX prompt.
mkdir <dirname>
mkdir creates a directory within
the current working directory with the name <dirname>.
Examples
Here are some step-by-step examples of setting up a site, adding
authorized users, and manipulating their files.
To allow someone password-protected access to your FTP site, you must
create a userid for them. You do this using the ftp_adduser
program.
Usage: ftp_adduser
<hostname>
| Your
screen: | What it does: |
|---|
[panix-avery] <~>
ftp_adduser ftp.justinthyme.com
|
-- invoke the program.
|
Enter the username:
renhoek
|
-- enter the username you want to
create.
|
Enter password: <invisible
typing>
|
-- the password will not show up when you type
it.
|
Re-enter password: <invisible
typing>
|
-- make sure you got it right.
|
Enter the user's real name: Ren
VanHoek
|
-- give the user a real name.
|
Enter the user's home directory
[/renhoek]: <enter>
|
-- the default name for the user's directory
is thier userid.
|
[panix-avery]
<~>
|
-- that's all.
|
|
This will create a user called 'renhoek', with the password you specify,
who's directory on your site is '/renhoek'. When they log
in, the server
will place them in that directory.
In order to organize your FTP site, you will probably want to create new
subdirectories in it. You do this with the plain old mkdir
command.
For example, you want a directory called pub, for files
that you want anyone to be able to access, a directory called
product, for files having to do with a product you develop,
and perhaps subdirectories in product called
v1 and v2 (for different versions of your
product).
Usage: mkdir
<dirname>
| Your
screen: | What it does: |
|---|
[panix-avery] <~> cd
corp-ftp
|
-- switch to the FTP site directory
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
mkdir pub
|
-- create the pub subdirectory
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
mkdir product
|
-- make the product subdirectory
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
cd product
|
-- switch to the new product
subdirectory
|
[panix-avery]
<~/corp-ftp/product> mkdir v1
|
-- make the v1 subdirectory
|
[panix-avery]
<~/corp-ftp/product> mkdir v2
|
-- make the v2 subdirectory
|
|
Often you may wish to create a directory or file and make it
specifically available to only one of your FTP users. When you do, you
must change the ownership of the
files/directories so FTP knows to whom to grant access and who to deny.
You do this with the ftp_chown command.
Say you have a user called 'renhoek', and you just created a directory
you want renhoek to have access to. (When you create the renhoek user,
ftp_adduser automatically creates a directory in your FTP site with the
same name as the user -- in this case, 'renhoek'. For the sake of this
example, we're going to create a new directory for renhoek anyway.)
You've also created two files you want to put in that directory for him.
Assume the directory you want to create is called
renspace, the two files for renhoek are called
ren1.txt and ren2.txt. The files are
currently in your maintenance account's home directory (not in your FTP
space).
Here's how it would look from your maintenance account:
Usage:ftp_chown
<hostname> (username|userid) [files]
| Your screen: | What it does: |
[panix-avery] <~> cd
corp-ftp
|
-- switch to the FTP site directory
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
mkdir renspace
|
-- create the renspace directory
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
cp ../ren1.txt renspace/
|
-- copy ren1.txt to FTP space subdir
renspace
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
cp ../ren2.txt renspace/
|
-- copy ren2.txt to FTP space subdir
renspace
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
ftp_chown ftp.justinthyme.com renhoek renspace
|
-- make subdir renhoek owned by user
renhoek
|
[panix-avery] <~/corp-ftp>
ftp_chown ftp.justinthyme.com renhoek renspace/*
|
-- make everything in subdir renhoek owned by
user renhoek
|
|
Another thing you must do to make your FTP files and directories
available is set permissions. By setting
permissions, you can regulate what kind of users can list and download
your FTP files, as well as who can remove files from your FTP site, or
upload new files.
Continuing with the example from above, you have two files, ren1.txt and
ren2.txt in the directory renspace. Both files and the directory they
are in are owned by user 'renhoek'. You'd like the user renhoek (the authorized user)to be able to
upload and delete files from the renspace directory, to download or
delete ren1.txt, but only download ren2.txt. You'd also like anonymous users to be able to
download the files in the renspace directory, but not be able to list
them. This will let them download the files only if they know the full
pathname (which they can't get from the FTP server).
Here's how to use ftp_chmod to set permissions:
Usage:ftp_chmod
<hostname> (octal-number|text) [files]
| Your screen: | What it does: |
[panix-avery] <~> cd
corp-ftp
|
-- switch to the FTP site directory
|
[panix-avery] <~> ftp_chmod
ftp.justinthyme.com 701 renspace
|
-- set access for directory renspace
|
[panix-avery] <~> ftp_chmod
ftp.justinthyme.com 604 renspace/ren1.txt
|
-- set access for file ren1.txt
|
[panix-avery] <~> ftp_chmod
ftp.justinthyme.com 404 renspace/ren2.txt
|
-- set access for file ren2.txt
|
|
Occationally you may want to change the passwords you've given your
users. In particuar, if you want to login to your own FTP server via
FTP, you must assign yourself a password, and you may want to change a
user's password (for example, if a company officer leaves your employ and
you wish to turn the account over to someone new).
You change a user's password with the ftp_passwd command:
Usage:ftp_chmod
<hostname> (octal-number|text) [files]
| Your screen: | What it does: |
[panix-avery] <~>
ftp_passwd ftp.justinthyme.com
|
-- set a password for yourself
|
Enter password:
<invisible typing>
|
-- the password will not show up as you type
it.
|
Re-enter password:
<invisible typing>
|
-- make sure you got it right.
|
[panix-avery] <~>
ftp_passwd ftp.justinthyme.com -u renhoek
|
-- now change renhoek's password.
|
Enter password:
<invisible typing>
|
-- the password will not show up as you type
it.
|
Re-enter password:
<invisible typing>
|
-- make sure you got it right.
|
[panix-avery]
<~>
|
-- all done.
|
|
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