Category: Economy

Hoocoodaode?

Michael Burry, who made millions from the collapse of housing bubble, talks about how it was all perfectly obvious that we were heading at 95 miles per hour into a brick wall:

Alan Greenspan, the former chairman of the Federal Reserve, proclaimed last month that no one could have predicted the housing bubble. “Everybody missed it,” he said, “academia, the Federal Reserve, all regulators.”

But that is not how I remember it. Back in 2005 and 2006, I argued as forcefully as I could, in letters to clients of my investment firm, Scion Capital, that the mortgage market would melt down in the second half of 2007, causing substantial damage to the economy. My prediction was based on my research into the residential mortgage market and mortgage-backed securities. After studying the regulatory filings related to those securities, I waited for the lenders to offer the most risky mortgages conceivable to the least qualified buyers. I knew that would mark the beginning of the end of the housing bubble; it would mean that prices had risen — with the expansion of easy mortgage lending — as high as they could go.

I had begun to worry about the housing market back in 2003, when lenders first resurrected interest-only mortgages, loosening their credit standards to generate a greater volume of loans. Throughout 2004, I had watched as these mortgages were offered to more and more subprime borrowers — those with the weakest credit. The lenders generally then sold these risky loans to Wall Street to be packaged into mortgage-backed securities, thus passing along most of the risk. Increasingly, lenders concerned themselves more with the quantity of mortgages they sold than with their quality.

He is one of many people who began to worry about an over-inflated housing market,* though he has the distinction of being one of perhaps a dozen people who actually researched it thoroughly enough to risk his, and his clients’ money at Scion Capital.

And he made a killing, to the tune of about $¾ billion.

Of course, Alan “Bubbles” Greenspan take on all this is that he was just lucky:

Since then, I have often wondered why nobody in Washington showed any interest in hearing exactly how I arrived at my conclusions that the housing bubble would burst when it did and that it could cripple the big financial institutions. A week ago I learned the answer when Al Hunt of Bloomberg Television, who had read Michael Lewis’s book, “The Big Short,” which includes the story of my predictions, asked Mr. Greenspan directly. The former Fed chairman responded that my insights had been a “statistical illusion.” Perhaps, he suggested, I was just a supremely lucky flipper of coins.

Mr. Greenspan said that he sat through innumerable meetings at the Fed with crack economists, and not one of them warned of the problems that were to come. By Mr. Greenspan’s logic, anyone who might have foreseen the housing bubble would have been invited into the ivory tower, so if all those who were there did not hear it, then no one could have said it.

If Greenspan had no naysayers talking to him, it was because, as Paul Krugman so ably notes, it was, “Because Greenspan insulated himself from people who told him what he didn’t want to hear.”

Krugman notes a number of people, Dean Baker, Robert Shiller, himself, etc., and notes that Greenspan’s alibis are an artifact of his lack of menschlichkeit (integrity).

I would actually go further: He actually had a political and electoral purpose to his policies, which was that he held, and kept rates low, and encouraged things like exotic mortgages, because he wanted the Republicans in general, and George W. Bush in particular, to implement policies that he supported, such as the dismantling of Social Security, and by propping up the economy, he put the wind at their backs.

The independent Federal Reserve is largely a myth, and treating it as such leaves us with people like Alan Greenspan running the show to the detriment of everyone else.

*Hell, I was issuing dire warnings on the by invitation only Stellar Parthenon BBS regarding what I thought was, and is, an over valued US dollar and increasing interest rates KOing the housing market in 2004, so I was right about there being a housing bubble, and the effects of low interest rates, but wrong, at least so far, as to the mechanism for the collapse of it all.

You Keep Using That Word. I Do Not Think It Means What You Think It Means*

USA Today headline, “In good sign for economy: Hiring rebounds on Wall Street.”

More Wall Street brokers, cutting more deals, with other people’s money, using more and more opaque instruments is supposed to be a, “Good sign for economy.”

It’s a pity that the author, Paul Davidson, apparently understands neither English nor the economy.

*The quote is from The Princess Bride.

Economics Update (For the Week)

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Employment/Population Ratio Still at 1983 Levels


Long-term unemployment is still at a 40+ Year high


Personal bankruptcies on level with pre-bankruptcy reform numbers (H/t Calculated Risk)

Well, we have the employment numbers for March out now, and the March non-farm payroll numbers (NFP) rose by 162,000, with unemployment (U3)remaining at 9.7%, and the broader U6 unemployment number remained basically flat, increasing from 16.8% to 16.9% (seasonally adjusted).

This is an improvement. It’s the largest NFP jump in 3 years.

That being said, some things to note:

  • The US Census hired 48,000 temp employees in March.
  • You need about 150,000 new jobs each month to accommodate people entering the workforce.
  • Some of this may be hiring from prior months that was delayed because of the various snowpocalypse weather events that occurred.
  • Long term unemployment increased.
  • Involuntary part time employment increased (largely why U6 is up)

About 8 million people have lost jobs in this recessions, and at a NFP payroll increase of 162K a month, it would take more than 50 years for everyone who lost their jobs to get another job, so while it is an improvement, things are at best treading water, but the trend does appear to be getting better.

Still, the employment/population ratio is at a 27 year low, and long term unemployment is at a 40+ year high.

Also, we have

Still, all in all, I have to say that we are seeing a recovery, but it’s a feeble and fragile recovery.

We still have some areas of concern, most notably that construction spending fell once again, and personal bankruptcies rose sharply.

Economics Update

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Philly Fed 1st Q: 25 states down, 18 up, 7 unchanged

The official non-farm payroll (NFP) number comes out on Friday, but today we have the private report from ADP, which shows a loss of 23,000 jobs, but the payroll withholding taxes numbers imply an increase in total jobs of something in the 300,000 range.

Meanwhile, the Philadelphia Bank of the Federal Reserve has released its State Coincident Indexes, which show that half of the states contracted over the past 3 months, and 23 decreased in the past month.

It’s better than it was a year ago, but it’s still not good.

In the consumer sector, consumer spending rose in February, and the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index rose in March.

On the production side, factory orders rose for the 6th month, though the data was not good in the Midwest, with the, with the Chicago purchasing managers index falling.

In real estate, mortgage application, including purchases, rose last week, and Fannie Mae has reported that mortgage delinquencies rose to 5.52% in January.

Note that because of the different times covered, these numbers may be consistent.

Across the ponds, Euro zone inflation rose to 1.5% year over year, and unemployment broke 10%, while in China, manufacturing grew faster than forecast in March.

Meanwhile, for reasons that I do not understand, oil rose, though the Chinese manufacturing data might have led to concerns over additional demand, and both the dollar and the Yen fell on reduced demand for safe havens.

Stiglitz on the Economy


Depressing … True … But Depressing

The Nobel Prize winning economist has been in opposition to the general economic/political religion consensus that efficient markets will save us all.

This is rather lengthy, 1:06:10, but this is clear and relatively easily understood talk on why the great crash occurred, and what needs to be done.

It is a blistering indictment of both the financial regime, and the state of affairs in economics as an academic institution.

The man is brilliant, and he understands how the conventional wisdom is wrong, and so, he will never get a phone call from the Obama administration.

Economics Update

Well, they just revised down the 4th quarter GDP numbers down again, to a 5.6% annual rate, the earlier estimate had been 5.9%.

On the brighter side, incomes rose faster than GDP, which gives a boost to the idea that some sort of recovery is going on.

Meanwhile, in high fiance, Ambac’s dance of death continues, with the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) ruling that the regulator action yesterday constitutes a trigger for bankruptcy CDS contracts.

Meanwhile, the apparrent resolution of the Greek crisis has pushed the US dollar down on reduced demand for safe havens, and oil prices fell marginally.

Economics Update

It’s jobless Thursday, and initial jobless claims fell by 14K to 442,000, though it should be noted that a change to seasonal adjustments accounted for 11K of that 14 K.

The less noisy 4 week moving average fell by 11K to 453,750, and continuing claims fell by 54K to 4.65 million, the lowest number in 1¼ years.

All in all, good news, but we are still not at a number where we would see real job growth.

In the intersection of real estate and finance, we have 13.6% of US mortgages being delinquent in the 4th quarter of 2009, up by 0.9% from the 3rd quarter.

In a blast from the past, we have a development in the slow motion immolation of the monoliner insurers with the largest of the bond insurers, Ambac, had the Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance take control of roughly $35 billion of insurance contracts on residential mortgages.

They have direct the troubled insurance company to segregate these contracts into separate accounts.

You arrogant ass. You’ve killed us!

Just so you know, it appears that the financial weapon of mass destruction, the Credit Default Swap is rearing its ugly head once again, as the segregation of accounts may constitute a “default” under the terms of the credit default swap contracts on these assets.

Seriously, this sh%$ is going to destroy us if we don’t get a handle on it. (Cue captain Tupolev)

Finally, in currency the Euro has rebounded slightly off its low on reports of an imminent solution for the Greek crisis, though these concerns were still enough to push oil prices down.

Economics Update

Well, it looks like real estate will be the suck for some time to come, as new home sales falling to an all time low, while inventory rose to 9.2 months, up from January’s 8.9 months.

The snowpocalypse might have had a little to do with this, but it has nothing to do with the fact that the Architecture Billings Index falling, since that is all about future residential construction.

On the brighter side, durable orders rose, largely on civil aircraft purchases.

In the “why the hell is this happening?” division, treasuries fell and yields rose in the most recent bond auction, despite the fact that the Greek meltdown would normally encourage a flight to safety, which would bid T-bills up.

In any case, the Greek problems have driven the dollar up and oil down.

On the other hand, things are good in New Zealand, if you don’t mind all the rain, with Kiwi GDP growing 0.8% (about a 3.2% annual rate) last quarter.

Economics Update

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H/t Calculated Risk

The news in in real estate so far this week, with U.S. commercial real e3state prices rising for the 3rd straight month, though, as the Graph pr0n clearly shows, if you own commercial property, and you need to roll over your 5 year mortgage, you are still in a world of hurt, as you are at least 30% under water.

In residential real estate though, it was just plain grim, with existing home sales falling, though the snopocalypse might have something to do with that, and the number of homes for sale jumped by nearly 10%.

In more general economic news, the Chicago Bank of the Federal Reserve’s national activity index fells last month, which might also be snow related.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the pond, prices fell in the UK for the first time on 6 months, indicating that the pressures toward deflation continue apace.

In currency, we have the problems with Greece pushing the Euro lower, while in energy, oil rose slightly, to $81.91/bbl, and the price of retail gasoline continues to climb, to $2.81/gallon, up about 80¢ from a year ago.

Economics Update

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H/t Calculated Risk

It’s Jobless Thursday, and initial jobless claims fell by 5,000 to 457,000, which is less bad, you need to be under 400K for any real job growth, and the less volatile 4 week moving average fell, though continuing claims fell slightly.

Meanwhile, the CPI was flat in February, with a 0.1% increase in the core inflation rate, which omits food and energy.

In real estate, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate is basically unchanged, at 4.96%.

It will start going up once the TALF expires in a few months.

Finally, oil fell and the dollar rose, probably as a correction for the large swings in response to yesterday’s Federal Reserve statement.

Economics Update

OK, the FOMC released its report today, and when the Federal Reserve speaks, people listen.

What the Fed said is that it intends to keep rates low for an, “Extended Period,”.

The Fed speak is that economic conditions, “warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period,” this means that they will not raise rates at their next meeting or probably the one after that.

Most likely you will see at least, and possibly 2 statement changes from the Fed before they raise rates, but they are closing the taps a bit by, “closing the special liquidity facilities that it created to support markets during the crisis,” and it reaffirmed that it will be closing the TALF will on June 30.

In real estate, home starts fell in February, though doubtless a lot of that was the Snowpocalypse.

The Fed’s statement pushed oil up by $1.80/bbl and similarly pushed the dollar down.

Full FOMC statement after break.


(emphasis mine)

Press Release
Federal Reserve Press Release

Release Date: March 16, 2010
For immediate release

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in January suggests that economic activity has continued to strengthen and that the labor market is stabilizing. Household spending is expanding at a moderate rate but remains constrained by high unemployment, modest income growth, lower housing wealth, and tight credit. Business spending on equipment and software has risen significantly. However, investment in nonresidential structures is declining, housing starts have been flat at a depressed level, and employers remain reluctant to add to payrolls. While bank lending continues to contract, financial market conditions remain supportive of economic growth. Although the pace of economic recovery is likely to be moderate for a time, the Committee anticipates a gradual return to higher levels of resource utilization in a context of price stability.

With substantial resource slack continuing to restrain cost pressures and longer-term inflation expectations stable, inflation is likely to be subdued for some time.

The Committee will maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 0 to 1/4 percent and continues to anticipate that economic conditions, including low rates of resource utilization, subdued inflation trends, and stable inflation expectations, are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period. To provide support to mortgage lending and housing markets and to improve overall conditions in private credit markets, the Federal Reserve has been purchasing $1.25 trillion of agency mortgage-backed securities and about $175 billion of agency debt; those purchases are nearing completion, and the remaining transactions will be executed by the end of this month. The Committee will continue to monitor the economic outlook and financial developments and will employ its policy tools as necessary to promote economic recovery and price stability.

In light of improved functioning of financial markets, the Federal Reserve has been closing the special liquidity facilities that it created to support markets during the crisis. The only remaining such program, the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, is scheduled to close on June 30 for loans backed by new-issue commercial mortgage-backed securities and on March 31 for loans backed by all other types of collateral.

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Ben S. Bernanke, Chairman; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; James Bullard; Elizabeth A. Duke; Donald L. Kohn; Sandra Pianalto; Eric S. Rosengren; Daniel K. Tarullo; and Kevin M. Warsh. Voting against the policy action was Thomas M. Hoenig, who believed that continuing to express the expectation of exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period was no longer warranted because it could lead to the buildup of financial imbalances and increase risks to longer-run macroeconomic and financial stability.
2010 Monetary Policy Releases

The Myth Of American Social Mobility

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We’re Number 3!!!! (From the bottom)

According to the the Grauniad,* the OECD has looked at social mobility in the developed nations, except for Japan for some reason, and determined that the UK has the least generational mobility of any of these nations.

I don’t find that surprising. I tend to think of class strata when I think of British society, what is surprising, at least for some, I already knew this, is that the United States is almost as bad at providing opportunity to people from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Essentially, look at the graph pr0n, the US is not a, “Horatio Alger makes good,” kind of place: You get where you are because of who your parents are.

It’s an artifact of a war on unions, both in the US and UK, which makes the sort of decent working-class jobs that parents could use to create upwardly mobile lives for their children are increasingly rare.

Additionally, a war on the safety net, and on public education has done more to make it difficult for someone on the bottom to get a well enough grounding in the basics to outperform someone on the top, regardless of innate ability.

To conservatives, the idea that their children can succeed by virtue of who their parents are, is, of course, a feature, not a bug.

Me, I think of it as a deep flaw in society.

*According to the Wiki, The Guardian, formerly the Manchester Guardian in the UK. It’s nicknamed the Grauniad because of its penchant for typographical errors, “The nickname The Grauniad for the paper originated with the satirical magazine Private Eye. It came about because of its reputation for frequent and sometimes unintentionally amusing typographical errors, hence the popular myth that the paper once misspelled its own name on the page one masthead as The Gaurdian, though many recall the more inventive The Grauniad.”

Economics Update

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The decades long downward trend is improvements inventory tracking, largely from automation


It appears that stability looms

Again, abbreviated, because in addition to not fullying balancing work and blogging, I’m feeling a bit off today.

The lede is obviously that the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan survey showed a decline in consumer sentiment.

On the other side of the coin is that economics retail sales retail sales rose unexpectedly in February, confounding economists who thought that the snowpocalypse would push the numbers down.

Sales rose by 0.3%, which is beat expectations, but this is off a January where the delta in retail sales was revised from 0.5% to 0.1%, so the delta from is .3%-.4%=-.1%, so the total picture at the end of February is actually down from what it was on February 1.

Finally, Calculated Risk points out (see chart pr0n) that inventories are now basically in line with sales, which means that inventory replenishment bumps to GDP are pretty much done.

Economics Update

Yeah, I know, It’s no longer daily. A new job does that, and it’s de rigeur on Thursday, because that’s when the unemployment data comes out.

In this case, it’s down 6k to 642K, but the 4 week moving average rose 5,000 to 475,500, and continuing claims, which I am no longer a part of were flat at 4.56 million.

Basically, dropping jobless claims don’t mean rising employment until some point below 400K a week, so don’t get your hopes up.

BTW, not getting their hopes up is what small businesses are doing right now, with the National Association of Independent businesses’ index of small business optimism falling to the 2nd lowest level ever recorded, and the Manpower Survey of hiring managers was down slightly, though their Asian numbers were somewhat improved.

In real estate, foreclosure rose by “only” 6% year over year, leading to paroxysms of prodigious positivism by the Panglossian press, but it means that foreclosures are still rising.

Meanwhile, in China, they are freaking out over their inflation levels, which have risen to a 2.7% annual rate (merciful heavens, get me the smelling salts).

Actually, if the PBC raises rates to reign in inflation, I don’t see how they could keep their peg against the dollar, because higher rates push just about any currency up.

Economics Update

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Employment-to-Population Ratio: Men (25-54 Years)

Labour Force Participation Rate: Men (25-54 Years)

And Barry Ritholtz scares the hell out of us

Well, today is Jobless Thursday, and new unemployment claims fell by 29,000 to 469,000, which is better, but not good.

The numbers needs to be below 400K before we see anything near real job growth.

The 4 week moving average fell by 3,500 to 470,750, though that number is still bigger than it was at the start of the year.

Continuing claims fell significantly, to 4,500,000, and next week, I will be a no longer be a part of that number (I file for the prior 2 weeks on Sunday).

Still, the news is an improvement, as is the latest Beige Book from the Federal Reserve, which shows signs of employment.

In any case, the ADP report on private sector jobs shows a loss of 20,000 jobs, which is the best month from them since January 2008.

So, the picture is not good, but appears to be improving, but fragile.

But if you want to be scared, just look at Barry Ritholtz’s analysis of historical employment for adult males, see the graph pr0n.

On a more personal level, personal bankruptcies rose in February.

We are seeing continued growth in manufacturing, at least according to the Institute for Supply Management Manufacturing Index, which fell to 56.5 from 58.4, but since any reading above 50 means expansion, it’s still positive.

The services sector is also showing encouraging growth.

Still, real estate is a mess, with pending home sales index falling 7.6%, though part of this might be the snowpocalypse.

Still, interest rates are not a problem with the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate averaging 4.97 %, which is the first time in a while that it has been below 5%.

Finally, the Bank of England left its benchmark rates unchanged, as well as holding off on more quantitative easing. (Printing money)

Economics Update

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H/t Calculated Risk


That bump is the tax credit h/t Calculated Risk

The big news is the upward revision of US GDP in the 4th quarter, though it should be noted that this delta is all inventory shrinking less quickly than expected, everything else was revised down.

Go to Calculated Risk to see a handy table illustrating this.

Meanwhile real estate is grim, with Freddy Mac reporting that delinquencies in single housings rising 16 basis points to 4.03 in January, and existing home sales falling sharply.

As I have said before, we are seeing the effects of the home buyer tax credit, not any real market recovery.

Meanwhile, in the old standards of energy and currency, people are feeling more sanguine about Greece, which means that they are looking for more return, and less safety, which pushed the dollar lower, and the lower dollar drove crude oil higher.

Economics Update

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H/t the Big Picture

It’s jobless Thursday, and the new numbers suck wet farts from dead pigeons, specifically, they are up 12% over the past 2 weeks,to 496,000, up 22,000, and well over the consensus estimate 460,000.

Ouch.

Meanwhile, both the The 4-week moving average and the continuing claims rose by 6K, to 473,750 and 4.617 million.

Note however, that he Snowpocalypse may have had something to do with this.

Note also that that the durable goods orders number sucked too, it was up only because of aircraft orders, and as the picture on the right shows, there really is no increase at all once you take out spending on military items going back a very long time.

Meanwhile, in Japan, their consumer prices fell by 1.3% year over year, which is triggering a shouting match between the Finance Ministry, who want QE, and the Bank of Japan, who are still inflation hawks.

Meanwhile in currency, the dollar rose, largely on concerns about Greece and Euro Zone.

And yes, I know, I need to post something about the Greek problem, but it’s sprawling, and I’m still trying to make a synthesis.

In energy, the crappy jobs numbers drove oil down.